Local officials in Nangarhar said at least 11 people were killed and 12 others were arrested in a military operation in Khogyani district in the eastern province.
The operation was conducted in Kooz Bahar area on Thursday night, local officials said.
One member of Nangarhar Provincial Council said a Taliban commander was among those killed in the operation and that those arrested were Taliban aides.
Government officials in Kabul have not commented on the operation. However, a number of local residents said some of those killed in the operation were civilians.
Taliban has said in a statement that civilians were killed and wounded in a military operation by Afghan Special Forces in Kooz Bahar area in Khogyani district.